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$30.00 – $80.00The Pink Line is the most recent addition to the CTA but uses some of the original tracks of the old Metropolitan West Side elevated. The Douglas Park branch opened in 1896 and ran as far west as Oak Park Ave until it was cut back to 54th Ave in Cicero. When the Garfield Park branch of the Met was removed and replaced by the Congress Line (running in the median of Interstate 290) the Douglas Park branch was connected to it and routed through the Milwaukee-Dearborn Subway.
The Congress-Douglas Lines operated a skip-stop service with stations being designated as A, B, or A/B. The Douglas branch ran B trains exclusively until this service was discontinued. In 2005 the CTA began studies looking at making the Douglas branch a separate line, originally known as the Silver Line. In 2006 a contest found that pink was the preferred choice. The CTA rehabilitated a section of track known as the Paulina Connector which was part of the original Metropolitan elevated but was connected to the Lake St Line. This allows Douglas branch trains to run over the Loop for the first time in half a century.
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$30.00 – $80.00The Purple Line began as part of the Northwestern elevated, a bit of a misnomer as the line ran mostly at street level until it was expanded onto a 4 track elevated embankment in 1928. The line was extended to Evanston in 1908 and Wilmette in 1912. After 1928 the line began running express from Howard station to the Loop. In 1949 when the CTA took over operations the line was rerouted through the State St Subway as part of a new north-south route. This service was eventually replaced by the Red Line. Today the Purple Line runs from Linden to Howard days and express to the Loop at rush hour.
The Yellow Line, formerly known as the Skokie Swift, began as an interurban high speed line from Howard terminal to Dempster St in Niles Center (now known as Skokie). The line ceased operations in 1963 but was bought by the CTA and service restarted in 1964 with intermediate stations closed. The Yellow Line is the only line in the CTA which doesn’t run to downtown Chicago. In 2012 an infill station at Oakton was opened and a northern extension to Old Orchard Mall is being studied.
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$30.00 – $80.00The Red Line is the busiest of all the Chicago “L” lines. The oldest section opened in 1900 as part of the North Side Main Line and starts at Howard station. One of the few lines in the United States which runs 24 hours a day it is also part of the only 4 track express subway in the US outside of New York City. In 1947 the State St Subway opened and allowed North Side trains to connect to the South Side elevated which is part of the Green Line today.
In 1969 the Dan Ryan Branch opened along the Dan Ryan Expressway but originally was connected to the Lake St elevated. In 1993 the CTA reorganized their lines with a new color code and the Dan Ryan Branch was shifted to the Red Line for a true north-south line. The CTA is currently studying plans to extend the Red Line south to 130th St.
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$30.00 – $80.00The 6th Ave Line was the second half of the original IND system in Manhattan. The subway was built to replace the old 6th Ave elevated trains and, unlike the 8th Ave Line, was opened in sections between 1936 and 1968. The original sections expanded on the recently opened 8th Ave Line along Houston St to East Broadway, then under 6th Ave from West 4th St to 53rd St. The main trunk subway along 6th Ave was originally built with only two local tracks because of the existing PATH running under 6th Ave. Express tracks were not built until 1967.
B trains run only weekdays from 145th St in Manhattan to Brighton Beach via the Manhattan Bridge and the Brighton Line. At peak times B trains are extended into the Bronx to Bedford Park Blvd. D trains run all times from Norwood-205th St in the Bronx to Coney Island via the Manhattan Bridge, 4th Ave subway, and West End line (elevated). At peak times D trains run express along the Concourse subway. Both B and D trains run express in Manhattan, though B trains make all local stops from 59th St-Columbus Circle to 145th St.
F trains run express along the Queens Blvd subway and enter Manhattan via the 63rd St subway built in the 1960s as a part of the 2nd Ave subway. In Manhattan and Brooklyn F trains run local at all times. In Brooklyn the F shares part of its route with the IND G Crosstown line to Church Ave. After Church Ave the subway becomes elevated to Coney Island.
M trains once ran along the BMT Jamaica line to downtown Manhattan but in 2010 were rerouted along 6th Ave to Forest Hills replacing the short lived V train (which ran from Forest Hills to 2nd Ave). Elevated in Brooklyn, the M train runs through a section of tunnel, built in the 1960s but rarely used, to connect the 6th Ave line to the Williamsburg Bridge. M trains run all local weekdays and as a shuttle from Myrtle Ave to Middle Village nights and weekends.
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$30.00 – $80.00The 8th Ave Line was the first section to open as part of the Independent Subway (IND), a new system built and operated by the City of New York to compete with the privately run IRT in Manhattan and the Bronx and the BMT in Brooklyn and under Broadway. The first major section opened in September 1932 with express and local service from Washington Heights to Chambers St.
The 8th Ave Line shares its tracks with the 6th Ave trains along Central Park West and 53rd St. The A train (made famous by Billy Strayhorn’s Take the A Train) runs from 207th St in Inwood to Fulton St in downtown Manhattan as express while the C train runs all local from 168th St in Washington Heights to Fulton St. From there the line enters Brooklyn and runs out to Ozone Park along the Fulton St subway (not to be confused with Fulton St in Manhattan). The C train terminates at Euclid Ave while the A train continues on to one of three termini: Lefferts Blvd, Rockaway Park and Far Rockaway. The A is the only train with multiple, regular service, termini.
The E train runs local in Manhattan from World Trade Center to 50th St where it splits from 8th Ave under 53rd St heading east into Long Island City and Queens Plaza. The E train is one of the two workhorse express trains running along the Queens Blvd subway to Forest Hills and Jamaica. The E splits from the Queens Blvd subway at Van Wyck Ave and terminates in Jamaica Center.
The majority of the 8th Ave Line is underground and was built specifically for the IND system. The sections of elevated track after Euclid Ave to Lefferts Blvd were recaptured from the existing Fulton St elevated line in the 1940s and the tracks out to the Rockaways where added in the 1950s after being purchased from the Long Island Rail Road.
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$30.00 – $80.00The IND Crosstown line holds the distinction of being the only subway line to never enter Manhattan. Running local between Court Sq in Long Island City, Queens and Church Ave in Kensington, Brooklyn, the G train was opened in segments from 1933 to 1937 to connect the IND Queens Blvd subway to the IND Fulton St and IND South Brooklyn subway. Original plans for a Brooklyn-Queens crosstown line were floated in the 1920s with a line going from Astoria to Bedford-Stuyvesant with a branch going west to downtown Brooklyn and another branch running south along Bedford Ave to Coney Island.
The G train is one of the shortest and least traveled lines in the system and runs through mostly residential areas like Fort Green, Bedford-Stuyvesant, Williamsburg, and Greenpoint. Originally the G served as the only local train along the Queens Blvd line and commuters had to switch at Queens Plaza for express trains into Manhattan. This service proved unpopular and the G was cut back over the years as other trains were rerouted along Queens Blvd.
On the southern section of the line the G train shares tracks with the F along the IND Culver line from Bergen St to Church Ave. Express tracks were built along this section for F trains but, as with service along Queens Blvd, commuters didn’t like having to switch trains so the express tracks remain unused.
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$375.00 – $500.00The Independent City-owned Subway System, IND, was created as alternative to the private traction companies, Interborough Rapid Transit Co., IRT, and the Brooklyn-Manhattan Transit Co., BMT. The IND broke ground on the 8th Ave Line in 1925 with plans for lines to Queens, Brooklyn, and the Bronx. In 1929 the IND released an ambitious plan for expanding the initial system. This plan became known as the IND Second System. In 1940 the City of New York was able to purchase the private companies and combine all three systems under the NYC Board of Transportation. In 1953 this evolved into the NY Transit Authority and in 1968 the state took control of the subways as part of the Metropolitan Transportation Authority.
The purpose of this map is the show the history of official subway expansion plans which can be broadly broken down into four phases: the 1929 Second System plan, the 1939 Second System plan, post-World War II plans, and the 1968 MTA Plan for Action.
The map acts as a “choose your own adventure” where by each variant of every plan is drawn. The reader can pick and choose which lines they think could have been built and what the system might have looked like today if they had.
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For more information about the map see the original blog post here.
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$30.00 – $80.00The IRT 7th Ave line is one-half of the original Interborough Rapid Transit (IRT) subway which opened in 1904. Running from 145th St/Broadway to Times Sq at 42nd St/Broadway the original subway swung east under 42nd St and then south at Park Ave to City Hall. When this subway was expanded in 1918 service was rerouted south along 7th Ave to South Ferry and into Brooklyn to Borough Hall and Atlantic Ave.
The 1 train runs all local from Van Cortlandt Park-242nd St in the Bronx to South Ferry at the tip of lower Manhattan. From 1989 to 2005 there was an additional train, the 9, which ran as a “skip-stop” service after 96th St to speed up travel for commuters coming from upper Manhattan. Between 181st and 191st Sts the subway was dug through some of the hardest bedrock in the city and these sections are some of the deepest in the entire system.
2 and 3 trains run express from 96th St to Chambers St at which point they veer east into Brooklyn. After 96th St 2 and 3 trains swing northeast and run under Lenox Ave in Harlem. When this service opened in 1905 it helped Harlem explode with development. 3 trains terminate at 148th St while 2 trains travel into the Bronx where they run up to Wakefield-241st St along the elevated White Plains line.
In Brooklyn the 2 and 3 trains share a subway with IRT Lexington Ave 4 and 5 trains which runs through Borough Hall to Atlantic Ave, under Flatbush Ave to Eastern Parkway and out to Nostrand Ave where 3 trains continue east to New Lots Ave (elevated after Utica Ave). 2 trains run south to Flatbush Ave.
While 2 and 3 trains run express in Manhattan they only run local in Brooklyn.
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$30.00 – $80.00The IRT Flushing line caries the 7 line (local and express service) from Times Sq-42nd St to Flushing Main St and runs from Midtown Manhattan through Long Island City, Sunnyside, Woodside, Elmhurst, Corona, and Flushing, Queens. Because of the high concentration of so many diverse ethnic enclaves though which the Flushing line runs it is colloquially known as the “International Line”.
The line has its origins well before the New York City subway opened (in 1904). Originally conceived as a commuter rail tunnel to bring Long Island trains into midtown from Long Island City the tunnel broke ground in 1892 but was shut a year later after a series of accidents. August Belmont stepped in a decade later and financed the tunnel himself as a way to run trolley cars as shuttle service. Opened in 1907, the city purchased the tunnel in 1913 to retrofit it for the expanding subway system.
The Flushing line runs elevated from Hunts Point Ave to Mets-Willets Point Ave where it dives into a short tunnel before terminating at Main St. The elevated sections of track are built with a third track for express service which only makes stops at Queensboro Plaza, Woodside-61st St, Junction Blvd, Mets-Willets Point, and Flushing-Main St. The elevated section through Sunnyside is famous for its ornately designed concrete viaduct along Queens Blvd.
In 2015 an extension west was opened to a new terminal at 34th St-Hudson Yards to serve the new mini-city growing above the LIRR train yards behind Penn Station.
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$30.00 – $80.00The IRT Lexington Ave line is one half of the original Interborough Rapid Transit (IRT) subway which opened in 1904 running from City Hall to Grand Central along Lafayette St and Park Ave South where it swung west under 42nd St to Times Sq. When the subway was expanded in 1918 service was rerouted north along Lexington Ave and into Brooklyn to Borough Hall and Atlantic Ave.
The IRT Lexington Ave line is the only subway to serve the East Side of Manhattan and averages 1.3 million riders a day, “more than the combined ridership of San Francisco and Boston’s entire transit systems”. Because of this overcrowding is a major issue and has led to the construction of a new subway under 2nd Ave. In Manhattan and Brooklyn Lexington Ave trains run exclusively underground but in the Bronx each line fans out and runs mostly elevated. The 6 train runs along the Pelham Line, a mix of elevated and subway track, and runs local and express service out through Hunts Point, Unionport, Parkchester, and terminating at Pelham Park. The 6 runs all local in Manhattan terminating at Brooklyn Bridge-City Hall.
4 trains run up to Yankee Stadium and north, elevated, along Jerome Ave to Woodlawn. 4 trains run local in the Bronx all times express in Manhattan and all times express in Brooklyn out to Utica Ave/Eastern Parkway. 5 trains join the IRT White Plains line at 149th St-Grand Concourse and shares the elevated line out to 180th St. Here service alternates between using the IRT Dyer Ave line to Eastchester and continuing with the IRT White Plains line to Nereid Ave during rush periods. 5 trains operate local in the Bronx except for rush periods when they run express from 180th St to 3rd Ave-149th St, all express in Manhattan to Bowling Green, and rush periods express to Flatbush Ave in Brooklyn.
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$30.00 – $80.00The Blue Line started off as a trolley tunnel to connect Scollay Sq. in downtown Boston to Maverick Sq. in East Boston. It holds the distinction as the first underwater transit tunnel (under a major body of water) opening in 1904. Initial plans called for it to be connected to the Green Line to form a subway trolley network connection all points north, east, south, and west. However, in 1924, the line was converted to heavy rail and extended to Bowdoin Sq. The Blue Line diverted traffic away from East Boston ferries which, ironically, helped bring the demise to the Atlantic Ave elevated line.
Until the 1950s the Blue Line was connected to the Red Line at Charles St so that Blue Line trains could be serviced at the Red Line train shops in Harvard Sq. In 1952 the Blue Line was extended to Suffolk Downs along the abandoned Boston, Revere Beach and Lynn Railroad and two years later extended to Revere where it still terminates at Wonderland.
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$30.00 – $80.00The Green Line is part of the oldest subway in the United States. The short section between Boylston St and Park St opened in 1897 as a way to divert heavy trolley traffic which came downtown from Allston, Brighton, Brookline, Jamaica Plane, Roxbury, and Dorchester. It was quickly expanded to North Station to serve trolley traffic from the northern suburbs.
As commuting patterns changed due in part to the success of the subway the Green Line was extended west to Kenmore Sq and in the 1940s southwest along Huntington Ave. As more and more commuters chose to travel in private automobiles ridership on the trolleys dropped. In 1959 the Riverside branch was opened along a former commuter rail line through Newton. A rebranding of the MBTA system in 1967 renamed the branches that were left as the A, B, C, D, and E branches. The A branch to Watertown Sq. only lasted two more years before finally being axed in 1969.
Boston College B Branch trains run along Commonwealth Ave to Government Center; Cleveland Cirlce C Branch trains run along Beacon St to North Station; Riverside D Branch trains run along the Riverside line through Newton to Government Center; Heath St E Branch trains run along Huntington Ave to Lechemere. Construction has begun on a long planned extension northwest through Somerville which will bring the E branch to Union Sq and the D to College Ave-Tufts University.
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$30.00 – $80.00First opened in 1901 the Orange Line was the second part of Boston’s subway system to open. The tunnel under Tremont St was converted from trolleys to heavy rail to allow the new elevated trains from Charlestown to run through to Dudley Sq. in the South End. A second elevated section known as the Atlantic Ave El ran from Castle Sq. in the South End to North Station along Atlantic Ave to serve the maritime industries along the waterfront. In 1904 the Washington St tunnel was opened specifically for use by elevated trains and the Tremont St subway was switched back for trolley use.
The Orange Line was designed to collect commuters at elaborate transfer stations in Charlestown and Roxbury and quickly move them downtown. Suburban stations were spaced farther apart and downtown station platforms were built catty-corner from one another. This spread commuters out so that Boston’s notoriously narrow streets would not be over crowded by subway passengers.
As the city grew so did the Orange Line being extended to Forest Hills and Everett (a further extension to Malden was halted until the 1970s). As the maritime industry faded and ridership dropped the Atlantic Ave El was demolished and sold for scrap during World War II.
While the El served the city well it was not popular as it was loud, dark, and dirty. Plans were laid as early as 1945 to remove the El and rebuild as a subway.
In the 1970s the city canceled ambitious plans to run highways through and around the city and monies were transferred to subway construction. The northern section was rebuilt first, removing the elevated tracks through Charlestown and moving them west along a new subway to Malden in 1975.
The southern section was rebuilt along the route for the canceled I-95 expressway through Jamaica Plain to Forest Hills in 1987. While the new Orange Line was modern and fast the new route bypassed the existing community of Roxbury which relied heavily on mass transit. Service along the old route was replaced by the Silver Line bus in 2002.
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$30.00 – $80.00In 1912 the Red Line benefited from being the last of the original subways in Boston to open. A decade of subway building allowed the Red Line to be designed with larger trains and platforms that were easier to navigate (unlike the disconnected Orange Line platforms). Planned as an elevated subway until the citizens of Cambridge objected, the original route connected Harvard Sq. with Park St. At Harvard Sq. a parallel subway was built for trolleys to transfer commuters from the northwestern suburbs and is still in use today.
The Red Line was quickly extended to South Boston and large transfer stations were built at Broadway and Andrew Sq. to collect trolley (and later bus) commuters coming from Dorchester.
In 1926 and 1927 the Red Line was extended to Ashmont in Dorchester along the route of and old commuter rail road. Though the subway was proposed to be extended further to Mattapan the residents of Milton and southern Dorchester opted for a high speed trolley route instead, pre-dating the concept of light rail.
Plans were drawn up to create a new branch of the Red Line to Braintree as early as 1945 but construction didn’t begin for another 20 years. First to Quincy in 1971 and finally to Braintree in 1980 the new branch was designed to bypass Dorchester for a quicker commute.
At the other end the Red Line was extended northwest from Harvard Sq. to Alewife in 1985. Originally planned to run out to Lexington along the abandoned Boston and Maine Railroad the line was cut back when residents of Arlington protested.
The Red Line runs two heavy rail routes, Alewife-Ashmont and Alewife-Braintree (which skips Savin Hill).
A light rail section runs from Ashmont to Mattapan using refurbished PPC trolleys from the 1940s.
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$45.00“I defy anyone to take this psychedelic creation and figure out how to get anywhere!” -State Senator Albert B. Lewis 1967.
The Chrystie Street Connection didn’t just revolutionize how commuters got around by creating new subway lines but it also helped usher in a new era of modernist wayfinding and system maps. Chrystie St took a decade to build and knit together the once separate BMT and IND subway systems to create a new network which we still use today. This map was part of a brochure issued when the first new lines were opening in November 1967. This map was the first to introduce the idea that each line would be shown with its own color and lettered bullet, simplifying naming conventions. For a further look at the Chrystie St Connection check out my blog post!
This map has been carefully recreated down to the exact typeface. Included at the bottom was the reverse side of the original brochure, featuring a station by station listing of each new line. Printed on Satin finish 80# cover stock – 220 GSM, 24″ x 36″.
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$375.00 – $500.00The Complete and Geographically Accurate New York City Track Map is a new, detailed look at the entire rail network that most riders never see. Unlike a traditional subway map which just shows train routes, stations, and a simplified geography for easier navigation, the Track Map shows how the system actually looks; each track, each switch, each station platform and each train yard is shown in a clear and clean design. While the Track Map offers a service guide, it is not intended to replace the subway map as a wayfinding tool. The Track Map shows the paths of the tracks so that the viewer can see how trains are able to run. If you’ve ever wondered why certain trains don’t run to certain places, this map will tell you why.
The idea behind this was to remove all distortion from traditional subway maps and see the system down to its bones. Street labels, parks, cemeteries, and airports help act as landmarks. The more complicated interchanges and interlockings are shown in a blown up detail section, along with a list of as many provisions and abandoned sections of the system I have discovered.
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For more information about the map, see the original blog post here.
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$30.00 – $80.00PATCO (Port Authority Transit Corp) is owned by the Delaware River Port Authority (DRPA), a separate authority than SEPTA. The line began as a simple 4 station shuttle over the newly opened Benjamin Franklin Bridge in 1936. The line ran from 8th St and Franklin Sq in Philadelphia and Broadway in Camden, NJ. On the Philly side the line connected to a tunnel which had been built for a proposed subway loop around Center City but the loop idea had been shelved after construction started. The Broad-Ridge Spur used the tunnel to reach 16th St-Locust but originally the PATCO trains terminated at 8th and Market. In 1968 the connection was rebuilt so that Broad-Ridge trains terminated at 8th St and PATCO trains were extended to 15th-16th station. This section of tunnel is still owned by SEPTA and is leased to PATCO.
On the New Jersey side PATCO had been little more than a shuttle which required suburban commuters to transfer to continue their journey. In 1951 DRPA commissioned a study which recommended 3 different branches, one to Moorestown, one to Kirkland, and one to Woodbury Heights. A later study suggested that the Kirkland route offered the most potential ridership and so PATCO was extended to Lindenwood station in 1969. PATCO continues to study expansions and has looked into extended a branch to Glassboro as well. There is an abandoned station at Franklin Sq which sees requests now and then for reactivation but PATCO claims that it wouldn’t receive high enough ridership (the area around the square was razed in the 1970s to build the Vine St and Delaware Expressways interchange.
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$30.00 – $80.00PATH (Port Authority Trans-Hudson), originally known as the Hudson and Manhattan Railroad (H&M), predates the original line of the NYC Subway. First planned in 1874, existing technologies could not safely tunnel under the Hudson River. Construction began on the existing tunnels in 1890, but stopped shortly thereafter when funding ran out. Construction did not resume until 1900 under the direction of William Gibbs McAdoo.
Opened in 1907, the Hudson and Manhattan Railroad tunnels were designed to link three of the major railroad terminals on the Hudson River in New Jersey—the Lackawanna in Hoboken, the Erie and PRR in Jersey City—with New York City. Two sets of tunnels connected commuters to the business centers in lower Manhattan and midtown Manhattan along 6th Ave. As the H&M was opened only 3 years after the original subway extensions were planned from 33rd St to Grand Central (original plans for Grand Central Terminal show space for a never built H&M station) and from 9th St to Astor Pl.
The H&M was only successful for a short 20 years as Pennsylvania Station opened in midtown in 1910 and the Holland Tunnel opened in 1927, diverting rail traffic from New Jersey terminals and then by commuters who chose to drive. Two original stations at 19th St and 28th St were closed to speed up service. By the 1950s the railroad was in bankruptcy but continued to operate. In 1961 the Port Authority was tapped to construct a new World Trade Center in lower Manhattan. In a deal with the states of New York and New Jersey the Port Authority agreed to take over the railroad and moved the location of the new WTC to the Hudson Terminal of the H&M in lower Manhattan. The Port Authority upgraded the system and changed the name to PATH.
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$30.00 – $80.00The Broad Street subway line was opened in 1928 from Olney Ave to City Hall with subsequent extensions south to Walnut-Locust, Lombard-South, Sunder Ave, Pattison Ave (now AT&T) and finally Fern Rock over the next years and decades. Broad St was envisioned as part of a larger subway network and was to be a trunk line for multiple suburban branches, none of which have been built (the most famous is the still proposed Roosevelt Boulevard Subway). The line was built with 4 tracks, two local and two express, and junctions were built for the future branches, the only one built being the Ridge Ave Spur which has been converted for use by PATCO trains. Broad St runs four different services: local, express, Ridge Ave, and special event trains for games at the NRG sports complex.
The SEPTA Broad St Line poster shows the line with local and express stations along with statistics and a mini map showing the line as part of the overall SEPTA network.
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$30.00 – $80.00The Market-Frankford Line is the oldest subway in Philadelphia with the initial section from 23rd St to City Hall with an elevated track running across the Schuykill River to the 69th St terminal opening in 1907. The line was built with 4 tracks, two for the elevated and two for the surface trolleys. Originally both sections looped back at City Hall but a year later the elevated trains were extended via subway to 2nd St and to Chestnut St where a portal brought them back to the surface again. Before the Frankford extension was completed, in 1922, the Market Line turned south along Delaware Ave to service the popular ferry terminals. The Frankford extension terminated at Bridge St but was intended to be extended northeast to Rhawn St. When the Benjamin Franklin Bridge opened to traffic in 1926 ferry traffic dropped off and the branch serving the terminals was closed in 1939. The subway was extended west to 46th St (to allow for the removal of the elevated tracks) starting in 1930 but due to budget problems and World War II the extension did not open until 1955. In 1977 the Delaware Ave portal was relocated along the median of the newly constructed Delaware Expressway.
The Market-Frankford Line is unique in that it uses a 5′ 2.5″ rail gauge, standard for trolleys in Pennsylvania, which is different from the standard 4′ 8.5″ gauge which is used by most trains in the United States. Service on the line is skip-stop with A and B trains trading off service at further out stations but all stopping at Center City stations.
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