The Bay Area Rapid Transit system (BART) was, along with the WMATA in Washington D.C., one of the great centrally planned post-war rapid transit systems aimed at addressing the rise of the highway and auto-centric suburbs after World War II in the United States. Planning began in the 1950s for a unified high speed rail system that would serve both the dense inner cities of San Francisco and Oakland and their newly expanding low-rise suburbs. Stations would be spaced closer in the central business districts and further out in the suburbs.
Originally planned to connect Alameda, Contra Costa, Marin, San Francisco, and San Mateo counties BART was scaled back when San Mateo dropped out in favor of commuter rail service and the Marin line was dropped due to engineering concerns about running a rail line over the Golden Gate Bridge. Construction began in 1964 and the initial segments began to come online in 1972 and the majority of the system opening by 1974.
The Pittsburg/Bay Point–SFO/Millbrae Line, also known as the Pittsburg/Bay Point Line or the Concord Line (from the original terminus), was the second line to open in 1973 between Concord and MacArthur stations and extended to Daly City when the Transbay Tube opened in 1974.
In 1995 the line was extended northeast to Pittsburg/Bay Point Point and in 2003 the line was extended south to SFO/Millbrae.
The Pittsburg/Bay Point Line has the distinction of running with the longest train sets in the system; 10 car trains on weekdays and 8 or 9 car trains on evenings and weekends.
The section of track between Concord and Walnut Creek was the site of the BART groundbreaking ceremony in 1964 presided over by President Lyndon B. Johnson. Currently a new eBART system is being built east of Pittsburg/Bay Point station using Diesel Multiple Unit trains (as opposed to electric third-rail trains) to Antioch.
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The Purple Line began as part of the Northwestern elevated, a bit of a misnomer as the line ran mostly at street level until it was expanded onto a 4 track elevated embankment in 1928. The line was extended to Evanston in 1908 and Wilmette in 1912. After 1928 the line began running express from Howard station to the Loop. In 1949 when the CTA took over operations the line was rerouted through the State St Subway as part of a new north-south route. This service was eventually replaced by the Red Line. Today the Purple Line runs from Linden to Howard days and express to the Loop at rush hour.
The Yellow Line, formerly known as the Skokie Swift, began as an interurban high speed line from Howard terminal to Dempster St in Niles Center (now known as Skokie). The line ceased operations in 1963 but was bought by the CTA and service restarted in 1964 with intermediate stations closed. The Yellow Line is the only line in the CTA which doesn’t run to downtown Chicago. In 2012 an infill station at Oakton was opened and a northern extension to Old Orchard Mall is being studied.
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The Yellow Line was the fourth service of the Washington Metro to open and is today the shortest. Opened in 1983 connecting National Airport to Gallery Place the route acts as a bypass around downtown Arlington.
The route of the Yellow Line has deviated from the original planned route more than any other line. In December of 1983 the line was extended south to Huntington but was originally to run out to Franconia-Springfield (which didn’t open until 1997). A shortage of train cars caused this switch because the Yellow Line required fewer cars than the Blue Line which was routed out to Franconia-Springfield instead.
The Yellow Line was extended north to U St in 1991 but the final extension to Greenbelt was delayed because the original alignment along the median of the North Central Freeway was changed when that freeway was canceled. A new subway connection from U St to Fort Totten, the route subject to much controversy, was eventually opened in 1999 for Green Line service and in 2006 the Yellow Line was extended to Fort Totten.
Today the Yellow Line shares most of its route through Virginia with the Blue Line and all of its route through D.C. with the Green Line.
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