The Bay Area Rapid Transit system (BART) was, along with the WMATA in Washington D.C., one of the great centrally planned post-war rapid transit systems aimed at addressing the rise of the highway and auto-centric suburbs after World War II in the United States. Planning began in the 1950s for a unified high speed rail system that would serve both the dense inner cities of San Francisco and Oakland and their newly expanding low-rise suburbs. Stations would be spaced closer in the central business districts and further out in the suburbs.
Originally planned to connect Alameda, Contra Costa, Marin, San Francisco, and San Mateo counties BART was scaled back when San Mateo dropped out in favor of commuter rail service and the Marin line was dropped due to engineering concerns about running a rail line over the Golden Gate Bridge. Construction began in 1964 and the initial segments began to come online in 1972 and the majority of the system opening by 1974.
The Richmond-Warm Springs Line, also known as the East Bay Line, is the only line that does not enter San Francisco running from Richmond in the north through Oakland to Fremont in the south. Like most BART lines the Richmond-Fremont Line shares its tracks with other BART lines: the Richmond-Millbrae Line, the Pittsburg/Bay Point–SFO/Millbrae Line, the Fremont–Daly City Line, and the Dublin/Pleasanton–Daly City Line.
The Richmond–Fremont Line was the first of BART’s five lines to open. Service from MacArthur to Fremont began on September 11, 1972, the first day of BART operation and was extended to Richmond on January 29, 1973.
Construction has begun on a southern extension to San Jose; the first phase to Warm Springs/South Fremont opened in 2017 with the second phase to Milpitas and Berryessa opening in 2020.
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